Most of the iodine we consume in in our diet is used to create thyroid hormones, such as thyroxine. 

Thyroid hormones play vital roles in regulating the body’s metabolic rate, heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development and maintenance of bones, which is why iodine is so important for keeping us healthy.

Iodine deficiency often presents and hypothyroidism or an enlarged thyroid gland also known as a goitre.

Iodine deficiency can lead to weight gain, lethargy, intolerance to cold, increased blood cholesterol levels, mental slowness and reduced heart function. 

In 2009 the rates of iodine deficiency spiked, which is why mandatory fortification of bread was introduced. 

This meant that all bread had to be made with iodised salt except those that were classified as organic. 

This improved our intake of iodine temporarily, however there has been a re-emergence of iodine deficiency in Australia, with nearly half the population thought to have not be having enough iodine in their diet.

The reason for our poor intake may be due to “fear of salt and bread” for “weight loss” or “health” reasons. 

Additionally, our vegetables are relatively low in iodine, due our soil, farming practises and the fertilisers we use.

If you’ve ever been diagnosed with thyroid dysfunction, consult your doctor before changing your diet.

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Iodine it needs to be consumed regularly, as our body isn’t able to effectively store it. It is recommended that adults consume around 150 micrograms of iodine a day.

Ocean seafood and seaweed (such as kelp and nori) generally contain the highest amount of naturally occurring iodine. 

However, Kelp and seaweed supplements are not recommended as they contain varying amounts of iodine and aren’t well regulated.

Iodized salt is another source of iodine, but it’s important to remember that rock salt, sea salt, Pink Himalayan and table salt all have very small amounts of iodine (less than two micrograms per gram) compared to iodised salt which contains between 25-65 micrograms per gram. 

Other sources of iodine included dairy, eggs and milk chocolate.

If you have any health issues or have ever been diagnosed with thyroid dysfunction please talk to your healthcare professional before altering the iodine in your diet.